Boiler scale
29.8.2016
Boiler scale is a mixture of several minerals which settle on the walls of pipes or containers where hard water is...
Turbidity, impurities
Water turbidity is usually caused by small particles which can be of organic or inorganic origin. Cloudy soiled water is less...
Uranium in water and its removal
Uranium is a silvery glossy radioactive chemical element belonging to a group called actinoids. It was discovered by Martin Henrich Klaproth...
Bacillus cereus bacteria
Most of the members of Bacillus cereus species are saprophytic microorganisms which can be found mostly in soil, air and on...
Phenols and their removal from water
29.7.2016
Phenols occurring in the water are either of natural origin or...
Beryllium and its removal from water
Beryllium is a relatively hard, very fragile and difficult to melt metal. If beryllium is heated up to the red heat,...
Aromatic hydrocarbons in the water
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are organic substances defined as homologues of...
Dichlordifenyltrichlorethan (DDT)
Pesticide DDT is probably the most known case of over-usage of chemical substances by...
Cyanides in the water and their removal
Cyanides are salts of a hydrocyanic acid. They are white and in a crystallic form. The most common cyanides are a...
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
22.7.2016
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) is a group of substances which comprises more than 200...
Chemical use of oxygen (CHUO)
Chemical use of oxygen (CHUO) means a use of oxygen needed for all substances’ oxidation. Not only those which can be biologically...
Sulfates in the water
21.7.2016
Sulfates(SO42+) are salts of a sulfuric acid in which sulfate anion (SO42−) and a cation – mostly of metal, ocassionaly amonium...
Amonnium ions and their removal from water
20.7.2016
The occurrence of ammonium ions in drinkable water can point to a microbiological activity. The cause can be fertilizing or geological...
Arsenic in the water and its removal
Arsenic (AS) is a well known toxic metalloid. It can appear in organic or anorganic...
Removal of chlorine and chlorides from water
Remmoval of chlorine and chlorides right before its consumption is very appropriate. Chlorine has been added to water for ages to...